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Overview
Oral or mouth herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, which affects only human beings. It can affect people at any age, though mouth sores are commonly found in children aged 1-2 years. Painful sores on lips, gums, tongue, roof of the mouth and inside the cheeks are caused by this virus. Fever and muscle aches may also follow. Three stages are noticed in herpes virus infection.

• Primary Infection: This is the first stage in which the virus enters your skin or mucous membrane and reproduces. Oral sores and other symptoms may develop at this stage. It must be noted that Asymptomatic Infection can also occur, where there will be no sores and symptoms, as a result of which you may not know that you are infected.
• Latency: This is the stage when the virus moves from the infected site, to a mass of nervous tissue in the spine called dorsal root ganglion. There the virus can reproduce again and becomes dormant.
• Recurrence: The virus may become active again due to emotional or physical stress you face in life.

Causes
There are two subtypes of Herpes simplex virus, which is a DNA virus responsible for causing sores inside and around the mouth.

• 80% of oral herpes infections are caused by Herpes simplex virus, type 1 or herpes-1
• Rest of the 20% are caused by Herpes simplex virus, type 2 or herpes-2

Symptoms and Signs
Incubation Period: The duration of time between the contact with the virus and the appearance of symptoms is called the incubation period. The incubation period of oral (mouth, lip or tongue) herpes is 2-12 days. Signs and symptoms will last for 2-3 weeks. The victim may suffer from fever, tiredness, muscle aches and irritability.

• The most intense pain caused by the oral sores occurs at the beginning making eating and drinking difficult.
• The sores may occur on the lips, the gums, anterior portion of the tongue, inside of the cheeks, throat or the roof of the mouth.
• Sometimes it is found that they extend down the chin and neck.
• Neck lymph nodes can often swell and become painful.
• Herpes of the mouth may cause a painful throat with shallow ulcers and a grayish coating on the tonsils in teenagers and patients who are in their 20s.

The herpes symptoms can be noticed only when the outbreak occurs. There may be difference in the severity of the outbreaks. In some cases there would be mild tingling and redness. Others may experience clusters of painful blisters on the skin. Since this can be mistaken for other skin disorders, it is important to be tested for the herpes virus. Early symptoms of herpes can be similar to those of the flu. This can include fever and headache, depression, irritability, and inflammation of the lymph nodes, particularly those near the affected area.

There are some lesions commonly referred to as a cold sore, outbreak of such a sore starts with a tingling and mild redness of the skin. It then develops into a blister which can be quite large and painful. Usually such blisters are found near the lips but herpes symptoms can also be present inside the mouth, particularly on the tongue. These blisters contain fluid and during the cycle of herpes symptoms they will burst and dry up. This fluid is highly contagious and the infected person is likely to spread the disease.

Complications
Oral Herpes infection is often brushed off as 'just a cold sore' by people without realizing its potential threats. Even your doctor may not explain the real dangers lurking behind it. Cold sores are contagious which may spread through close contact, sharing utensils, cups, towels etc. They can also be spread to other parts of you own body. Since the virus will easily spread it is important to avoid touching, squeezing or pinching the blisters. The complication associated with oral herpes is that the virus spreads from the initial location of the outbreak to other parts of the body. You have to be extremely careful while touching your eyes, when infected with a cold sore. Even blindness can be caused by the virus if it is not treated properly. Another major risk is the possibility of spreading the cold sore to others in the form of genital herpes. If you are infected with HSV-1 (oral herpes) it is unlikely that you could infect yourself with genital herpes, since your body builds up antibodies against other strains of HSV virus. But there is the possibility of spreading your oral herpes to a partner through oral sex. The fact is that a growing number of genital herpes cases are caused by the HSV-1 virus and not HSV-2. In order to minimize the risks it is important to take some steps. Avoid touching or squeezing cold sores and do not share food, drinks or common utensils with others. It is indispensable to abstain from oral sex during a cold sore outbreak.
Recurrent Problems
The effects of herpes of the mouth are worst in the victims during the first outbreak, which happens within a few weeks of the initial transmission of the disease. It can occur four or five times a year, and the frequency decreases with time though the virus is still present in the bodies of the infected people.

Treatment
Treatment of oral herpes can be categorized into three options:

• Non-specific treatments aimed at reducing symptoms of HSV lesion: - Here the treatment includes keeping the blisters clean and dry to avoid bacterial infections. A soft bland diet is recommended to avoid irritating the sores and the sensitive areas surrounding them. Ice can be applied directly to the cold sore to avoid potential swelling. Ointments can be used to avoid painful cracking and bleeding.
• Specific anti-viral therapies to hasten lesion healing or to prevent recurrences: - Oral acyclovir or the recently developed drugs, Valtrex or Famvir lessen the symptoms and frequency of fever blister recurrences. Also these drugs prevent HSV from multiplying. Topical antiviral creams containing acyclovir or penciclovir may also assist in limiting the extent or duration of lesions.
• Homeopathic medicine is based on the premise of using natural substances to stimulate the body's own healing systems thereby allowing the body to heal itself. Herpeset is 100% natural homeopathic blend of ingredients that has been doctor-designed to provide quick and safe relief of multiple herpes symptoms. Just simply spray Herpeset under the tongue so the natural ingredients are quickly absorbed into the blood stream speeding up relief. This product is recognized by the FDA as a medicine to relieve Herpes symptoms.

Prevention
Avoid coming into contact with saliva, skin or mucous membranes of those who have got the sores. The sores and symptoms of oral herpes clear up in 2-3 weeks, but may reappear in stressful conditions. Hence leading a stress free life is very important.